芯片介绍
细菌耐药性是指细菌对一种或多种抗菌素具有耐药性。细菌耐药性产生的根本原因是因为细菌获得了抗药性基因。细菌耐药性基因按照耐药性基因的功能可以分为多类,列举几类如下:
(1) 编码抗菌素修饰酶,如aminoglycoside acetyltransferases,aminoglycoside adenylyltransferases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferases,beta-lactamase等。通过对抗菌素进行乙酰化,腺苷化,磷酸化等修饰使抗菌素失效;
(2)编码抗菌素外排系统的关键蛋白(如multidrug efflux pumps),增强细胞把抗菌素排除细胞外的能力,从而降低抗菌素在细胞内的有效浓度,产生细菌耐药性;
(3)编码抗菌素靶标蛋白,由于基因突变,靶蛋白丧失与抗菌素的结合能力,导致抗菌素无法发挥作用。
细菌主要通过两条途径获得耐药性基因,一是通过基因突变产生耐药性基因,一是非耐药性细菌从耐药性细菌中通过细菌融合或转化等方式获得耐药性基因。耐药性细菌也可从其它耐药性细菌中获得新的耐药性基因,从而产生多耐药性细菌。
细菌耐药性的检测,常规做法是抗菌素药敏实验,这需要耗时和繁琐的细菌培养和抗菌素逐一测试。当确定细菌对某一种抗菌素耐药时,无法判断是哪种耐药基因导致的耐药性。也有常规基因检测方法,逐一检测抗菌素基因。境象生物细菌耐药性PCR芯片采用实时荧光PCR 技术一次检测95种不同类别的抗菌素基因,高效,快捷,简便!
产品特点:
(1)一块PCR芯片同时检测95个多个类别的耐药性基因;
(2)可对耐药性现象进行基因分型,如判定哪一种基因导致细菌对氯霉素耐药;
(3)无需培养细菌,无需药敏实验。
基因功能分类
抗生素分类 | 耐药性基因功能 | 耐药性基因 |
---|---|---|
Aminoglycosides | Aminoglycoside acetyltransferases | aacC1, aacC2, aacC3, aacC4, aac(3)-Id, aac(69)-Im |
Aminoglycoside adenylyltransferases | aadA10, aadA12, aadD | |
Aminoglycoside phosphotransferases | aphA-7, aph2, aph(29)-Ib, strA, strB | |
b-Lactams | Class A b-lactamases | per-1, per-2, shv-34, blaTEM-1, blaTLA-1, blaTLA-2, veb-1 |
Class B b-lactamases | imp-13, imp-16, imp-16, vim-4, vim-7 | |
Class C b-lactamases | cmy-9, cmy-13 | |
Class D b-lactamases | oxa-29, oxa-40, oxa-45, oxa-46, oxa-48, oxa-50, oxa- 54, oxa-55, oxa-58, oxa-60, oxa-61, oxa-75, mecA | |
Chloramphenicol / florfenicol | Chloramphenicol acetyltransferases | catB6, catB7, catB8, catB9, catP, cat-TC |
Chloramphenicol / florfenicol transporters | fexA, floR | |
Hydrophobic polypeptide | cmlB | |
Fluoroquinolones | Pentapeptide family proteins | qnrB4, qnr |
rRNA adenine N6-methyltransferases | ermF, erm(A), erm(TR) | |
Macrolides | Esterase | ereB |
MFS efflux proteins | mel, msr(A) | |
Macrolide 29-phosphotransferases | mph, mphB, mph(BM) | |
Hydrolase | vgh(A) | |
Streptogramin B lactonase | vgbB | |
Rifampicin | ADP-ribosylating transferase | arr2 |
Tetracyclines | Tetracycline transporters | tetA(Y), tet(Z), effJ, tet(V), tet(K), tet(30), tet(33), tet(38), tetA(39) |
Tetracycline inactivation proteins | tet(X) | |
GTP-binding elongation factor proteins | tet(S), tet(W), tet(32) | |
Ribosomal protection tetracycline resistance proteins | tetQ, tet(T) | |
Tetracycline repressor protein | tetR(31) | |
Tetracycline resistance | tet(U) | |
Phosphoribosyltransferase | tet(34) | |
Trimethoprim | Dihydrofolate reductases | dfrB2, dfrD, dhfr, dhfR, dhfrI, dhfrVIII, dhfrIX, dhfrXV |
Sulfonamides | Dihydropteroate synthetases | sulII, sulIII |
Quaternary ammonium compounds | Small multidrug efflux proteins | qacF, qacG, qacG2, qacH |
Various antibiotics transported by multidrug efflux genes | Multidrug efflux pumps | mexF, mexI, mexY, orf11 |
- 价格
产品类别 产品规格 价格 PCR仪 实际应用PCR芯片 2 板 2600.00 实际应用PCR芯片 6 板 6750.00 实际应用PCR芯片 12 板 11760.00 供货速度
现货:订单核实后24小时内发货;
定制:15-20个工作日。